Router bit speed matters more than most woodworkers realize. Running at the wrong RPM causes burns, chatter, and rough cuts.
The Rule
Larger diameter bits require slower speeds. A 1/4-inch straight bit runs fine at maximum RPM. A 3-inch raised panel bit needs the router dialed way down.
Speed Guidelines
Match bit diameter to these approximate speeds:
- Up to 1 inch diameter: 22,000-24,000 RPM
- 1 to 2 inches: 18,000-22,000 RPM
- 2 to 2.5 inches: 12,000-16,000 RPM
- 2.5 to 3.5 inches: 8,000-12,000 RPM
Signs of Wrong Speed
Too fast: Burning, excessive noise, vibration, bit deflection on thin cutters.
Too slow: Rough surface, visible mill marks, the router sounds labored and may stall.
Variable Speed Routers
Every shop needs at least one router with variable speed control. Fixed-speed routers work fine for small bits but limit your capacity for large profile work.
When buying bits over 1.5 inches diameter, check that your router adjusts low enough to run them safely.
Test cuts on scrap dial in the right setting. Start slower and increase speed until cuts come out clean without burning.
